Source code for neumann.linalg.utils

from typing import Union, Iterable
import numbers
import itertools

import numpy as np
from numpy import ndarray
from numba import njit, prange, guvectorize as guv
import sympy as sy
from sympy import symbols, Matrix
from sympy.physics.vector import ReferenceFrame as SymPyFrame

from dewloosh.core.tools.alphabet import latinrange

from .meta import TensorLike, ArrayWrapper, FrameLike
from .exceptions import LinalgOperationInputError, LinalgMissingInputError

__cache = True


__all__ = [
    "permutation_tensor",
    "dot",
    "cross",
    "is_rectangular_frame",
    "is_normal_frame",
    "is_orthonormal_frame",
    "is_independent_frame",
    "is_hermitian",
    "normalize_frame",
    "Gram",
    "dual_frame",
    "is_pos_def",
    "is_pos_semidef",
    "random_pos_semidef_matrix",
    "random_posdef_matrix",
    "inv_sym_3x3",
    "vpath",
    "det3x3",
    "det2x2",
    "inv2x2",
    "inv2x2u",
    "adj3x3",
    "inv3x3u",
    "inv3x3",
    "inv3x3_bulk",
    "inv3x3_bulk2",
    "normalize",
    "normalize2d",
    "norm",
    "norm2d",
    "linspace",
    "linspace1d",
    "inv",
    "show_vector",
    "show_frame",
    "rotation_matrix",
]


[docs]def rotation_matrix( rot_type: str, amounts: Iterable, rot_order: Union[str, int] = "" ) -> ndarray: """ Returns a rotation matrix using the mechanism provided by `sympy.physics.vector.ReferenceFrame.orientnew`. Parameters ---------- rot_type: str The method used to generate the direction cosine matrix. Supported methods are: - ``'Axis'``: simple rotations about a single common axis - ``'DCM'``: for setting the direction cosine matrix directly - ``'Body'``: three successive rotations about new intermediate axes, also called "Euler and Tait-Bryan angles" - ``'Space'``: three successive rotations about the parent frames' unit vectors - ``'Quaternion'``: rotations defined by four parameters which result in a singularity free direction cosine matrix amounts: Iterable Expressions defining the rotation angles or direction cosine matrix. These must match the ``rot_type``. See examples below for details. The input types are: - ``'Axis'``: 2-tuple (expr/sym/func, Vector) - ``'DCM'``: Matrix, shape(3, 3) - ``'Body'``: 3-tuple of expressions, symbols, or functions - ``'Space'``: 3-tuple of expressions, symbols, or functions - ``'Quaternion'``: 4-tuple of expressions, symbols, or functions rot_order: str or int, Optional If applicable, the order of the successive of rotations. The string ``'123'`` and integer ``123`` are equivalent, for example. Required for ``'Body'`` and ``'Space'``. Returns ------- ReferenceFrame A new ReferenceFrame object. See Also -------- :func:`sympy.physics.vector.ReferenceFrame.orientnew` Example ------- Define a standard Cartesian frame and rotate it around axis 'Z' with 180 degrees: >>> from neumann.linalg.utils import rotation_matrix >>> R = rotation_matrix('Space', [0, 0, np.pi], 'XYZ') """ source = SymPyFrame("S") target = source.orientnew("T", rot_type, amounts, rot_order) dcm = np.array(target.dcm(source).evalf()).astype(float) return dcm
[docs]def permutation_tensor(dim: int = 3) -> ndarray: """ Returns the Levi-Civita pseudotensor for N dimensions. Parameters ---------- N : int, Optional The number of dimensions. Default is 3. """ arr = np.zeros(tuple([dim for _ in range(dim)])) mat = np.zeros((dim, dim), dtype=np.int32) for x in itertools.permutations(tuple(range(dim))): mat[:, :] = 0 for i, j in zip(range(dim), x): mat[i, j] = 1 arr[x] = int(np.linalg.det(mat)) return arr
[docs]def dot( a: Union[TensorLike, ArrayWrapper], b: Union[TensorLike, ArrayWrapper], out: Union[TensorLike, ArrayWrapper] = None, frame: FrameLike = None, axes: Union[list, tuple] = None, ) -> Union[TensorLike, ndarray, numbers.Number]: """ Returns the dot product (without complex conjugation) of two quantities. The behaviour coincides with NumPy when all inputs are arrays and generalizes when they are not, but all inputs must be either all arrays or all tensors of some kind. The operation for tensors of order 1 and 2 have dedicated implementations, for higher order tensors it generalizes to tensor contraction along specified axes. Parameters ---------- a: TensorLike or ArrayLike A tensor or an array. b: TensorLike or ArrayLike A tensor or an array. out: ArrayLike, Optional Output argument. This must have the exact kind that would be returned if it was not used. See `numpy.dot` for the details. Only if all inputs are ArrayLike. Default is None. frame: FrameLike, Optinal The target frame of the output. Only if all inputs are TensorLike. If not specified, the returned tensor migh be returned in an arbitrary frame, depending on the inputs. Default is None. axes: tuple or list, Optional The indices along which contraction happens if any of the input tensors have a rank higher than 2. Default is None. Returns ------- TensorLike or numpy.ndarray or scalar An array or a tensor, depending on the inputs. Notes ----- For general tensors, the current implementation has an upper limit considering the rank of the input tensors. The sum of the ranks of the input tensors plus the sum of contraction indices must be at most 26. References ---------- https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DotProduct.html Examples -------- When working with NumPy arrays, the behaviour coincides with `numpy.dot`. To take the dot product of a 2nd order tensor and a vector, use it like this: >>> from neumann.linalg import ReferenceFrame, Vector, Tensor2 >>> from neumann.linalg import dot >>> frame = ReferenceFrame(np.eye(3)) >>> A = Tensor2(np.eye(3), frame=frame) >>> v = Vector(np.array([1., 0, 0]), frame=frame) >>> dot(A, v) Array([1., 0., 0.]) For general tensors, you have to specify the axes along which contraction happens: >>> from neumann.linalg import Tensor >>> A = Tensor(np.ones((3, 3, 3, 3)), frame=frame) # a tensor of order 4 >>> B = Tensor(np.ones((3, 3, 3)), frame=frame) # a tensor of order 3 >>> dot(A, B, axes=(0, 0)).rank 5 """ if isinstance(a, TensorLike) and isinstance(b, TensorLike): ra, rb = a.rank, b.rank result = None if ra == 1 and rb == 1: if out is not None: raise LinalgOperationInputError( "Parameter 'out' is not allowed with tensors." ) return np.dot(a.show(), b.show()) elif ra == 2 and rb == 1: arr = (a.array @ b.show(a.frame.dual()).T).T result = b.__class__(arr, frame=a.frame) elif ra == 1 and rb == 2: arr = (a.array.T @ b.show(a.frame.dual()).T).T result = a.__class__(arr, frame=a.frame) elif ra == 2 and rb == 2: g = a.frame.Gram() result = a.__class__(a.array @ g @ b.show(a.frame), frame=a.frame) else: if not axes: msg = "The parameter 'axes' is required for tensor contraction of general tensors." raise LinalgMissingInputError(msg) ia = latinrange(ra, start=ord("a")) ib = latinrange(rb, start=ord("a") + ra) ax_a, ax_b = axes ic = latinrange(1, start=ord("a") + ra + rb)[0] ia[ax_a] = ic ib[ax_b] = ic command = "..." + "".join(ia) + "," + "..." + "".join(ib) arr = np.einsum(command, a.show(), b.show(), optimize="greedy") result = a.__class__._from_any_input(arr) if frame: result.frame = frame return result if frame: raise LinalgOperationInputError( "Parameter 'frame' is exclusive for tensorial inputs." ) if not all([isinstance(x, (ndarray, ArrayWrapper, list)) for x in [a, b]]): raise TypeError("Invalid types encountered for dot product.") inputs = [x._array if isinstance(x, ArrayWrapper) else x for x in [a, b]] return np.dot(*inputs, out=out)
[docs]def cross( a: Union[TensorLike, ArrayWrapper], b: Union[TensorLike, ArrayWrapper], *args, frame: FrameLike = None, **kwargs, ) -> Union[TensorLike, ndarray]: """ Calculates the cross product of two vectors or one vector and a second order tensor. The behaviour coincides with NumPy when all inputs are arrays and generalizes when they are not, but all inputs must be either all arrays or all tensors of some kind. Parameters ---------- *args : Tuple, Optional Positional arguments forwarded to NumPy, if all input objects are arrays. a: TensorLike or ArrayLike A tensor or an array. b: TensorLike or ArrayLike A tensor or an array. frame: FrameLike, Optional The target frame of the output. Only if all inputs are TensorLike. If not specified, the returned tensor migh be returned in an arbitrary frame, depending on the inputs. Default is None. **kwargs: dict, Optional Keyword arguments forwarded to `numpy.cross`. As of NumPy version '1.22.4', there are no keyword arguments for `numpy.cross`, this is to assure compliance with all future versions of numpy. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray or TensorLike An 1d or 2d array, or an 1d or 2d tensor, depending on the inputs. References ---------- https://mathworld.wolfram.com/CrossProduct.html Examples -------- The cross product of two vectors results in a vector: >>> from neumann.linalg import ReferenceFrame, Vector, Tensor2 >>> from neumann.linalg import cross >>> frame = ReferenceFrame(np.eye(3)) >>> a = Vector(np.array([1., 0, 0]), frame=frame) >>> b = Vector(np.array([0, 1., 0]), frame=frame) >>> cross(a, b) Array([0., 0., 1.]) The cross product of a second order tensor and a vector result a second order tensor: >>> A = Tensor2(np.eye(3), frame=frame) >>> cross(A, b) Array([[ 0., 0., -1.], [ 0., 0., 0.], [ 1., 0., 0.]]) """ if isinstance(a, TensorLike) and isinstance(b, TensorLike): ra, rb = a.rank, b.rank result = None if ra == 1 and rb == 1: arr = np.cross(a.array, b.show(a.frame), axis=0) result = a.__class__(arr, frame=a.frame) elif ra == 2 and rb == 1: arr = np.cross(a.show(), b.show(), axis=0) result = a.__class__(arr) elif ra == 1 and rb == 2: arr = np.cross(a.show(), b.show(), axis=0) result = b.__class__(arr) else: msg = ( "The cross product is not implemented", f"for tensors of rank {ra} and {rb}", ) raise NotImplementedError(msg) if frame: result.frame = frame return result if frame: raise LinalgOperationInputError( "Parameter 'frame' is exclusive for tensorial inputs." ) if any([isinstance(x, TensorLike) for x in [a, b]]): raise TypeError("Invalid types encountered for dot product.") if not all([isinstance(x, (ndarray, ArrayWrapper, list)) for x in [a, b]]): raise TypeError("Invalid types encountered for dot product.") inputs = [x._array if isinstance(x, ArrayWrapper) else x for x in [a, b]] return np.cross(*inputs, *args, **kwargs)
[docs]def show_vector(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the coordinates of a single or multiple vectors in a frame specified by one or several DCM matrices. The function can handle the following scenarios: - a single (1d) vector and a single (2d) dcm matrix (trivial case) - a stack of vectors (2d) and a single (2d) dcm matrix - a stack of fectors (2d) and dcm matrices for each vector in the stack (3d) .. versionadded:: 1.0.5 Parameters ---------- dcm: numpy.ndarray The dcm matrix of the transformation as a 2d or 3d float array. arr: numpy.ndarray 1d or 2d float array of coordinates of a single vector. If it is 2d, then it is assumed that the coordinates of the i-th vector are accessible as `arr[i]`. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray The new coordinates with the same shape as `arr`. """ if len(arr.shape) == 1 and len(dcm.shape) == 2: return _show_vector(dcm, arr) # dcm @ arr elif len(arr.shape) == 2 and len(dcm.shape) == 2: return _show_vectors(dcm, arr) # dcm @ arr elif len(arr.shape) == 2 and len(dcm.shape) == 3: return _show_vectors_multi(dcm, arr) # dcm @ arr else: msg = ( "Mismatch in shapes!" f"Input one has shape {dcm.shape} and input two has shape {arr.shape}." "See the docs for the correct input shapes." ) raise LinalgOperationInputError(msg)
def show_frame(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: if len(arr.shape) == 2 and len(dcm.shape) == 2: return _show_frame(dcm, arr) # dcm @ arr elif len(arr.shape) == 3 and len(dcm.shape) == 2: return _show_frames(dcm, arr) # dcm @ arr elif len(arr.shape) == 3 and len(dcm.shape) == 3: return _show_frames_multi(dcm, arr) # dcm @ arr else: msg = ( "Mismatch in shapes!" f"Input one has shape {dcm.shape} and input two has shape {arr.shape}." "See the docs for the correct input shapes." ) raise LinalgOperationInputError(msg) @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def _show_vector(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the coordinates of a single vector in a frame specified by a DCM matrix. Parameters ---------- dcm: numpy.ndarray The dcm matrix of the transformation as a 2d float array. arr: numpy.ndarray 1d float array of coordinates of a single vector. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray The new coordinates of the vector with the same shape as `arr`. """ return dcm @ arr @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def _show_vectors(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the coordinates of multiple vectors in a frame specified by a DCM matrix. Parameters ---------- dcm: numpy.ndarray The dcm matrix of the transformation as a 2d float array. arr: numpy.ndarray 2d float array of coordinates of multiple vectors. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray The new coordinates of the vectors with the same shape as `arr`. """ res = np.zeros_like(arr) for i in prange(arr.shape[0]): res[i] = dcm @ arr[i, :] return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def _show_vectors_multi(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the coordinates of multiple vectors and multiple DCM matrices. Parameters ---------- dcm: numpy.ndarray The dcm matrix of the transformation as a 3d float array. arr: numpy.ndarray 2d float array of coordinates of multiple vectors. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray The new coordinates of the vectors with the same shape as `arr`. """ res = np.zeros_like(arr) for i in prange(arr.shape[0]): res[i] = dcm[i] @ arr[i, :] return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def _show_frame(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the coordinates of a single frame in a target frame specified by a DCM matrix. Parameters ---------- dcm: numpy.ndarray The dcm matrix of the transformation as a 2d float array. arr: numpy.ndarray 2d float array of coordinates of a single frame. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray The new coordinates of the frame with the same shape as `arr`. """ res = np.zeros_like(arr) for i in prange(arr.shape[-1]): res[i, :] = dcm @ arr[i, :] return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def _show_frames(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the coordinates of multiple frames in a target frame specified by a DCM matrix. Parameters ---------- dcm: numpy.ndarray The dcm matrix of the transformation as a 2d float array. arr: numpy.ndarray 3d float array of coordinates of multiple frames. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray The new coordinates of the frames with the same shape as `arr`. """ res = np.zeros_like(arr) for i in prange(arr.shape[0]): for j in prange(arr.shape[-1]): res[i, j, :] = dcm @ arr[i, j, :] return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def _show_frames_multi(dcm: ndarray, arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the coordinates of multiple frames and multiple DCM matrices. Parameters ---------- dcm: numpy.ndarray The dcm matrix of the transformation as a 3d float array. arr: numpy.ndarray 3d float array of coordinates of multiple frames. Returns ------- numpy.ndarray The new coordinates of the frames with the same shape as `arr`. """ res = np.zeros_like(arr) for i in prange(arr.shape[0]): for j in prange(arr.shape[-1]): res[i, j, :] = dcm[i] @ arr[i, j, :] return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def _transpose_multi(dcm: ndarray) -> ndarray: N = dcm.shape[0] res = np.zeros_like(dcm) for i in prange(N): res[i, :, :] = dcm[i].T return res def transpose_axes(arr: ndarray) -> ndarray: if len(arr.shape) == 2: return arr.T elif len(arr.shape) == 3: # FIXME this might be unnecessary return _transpose_multi(arr) else: shape = arr.shape indices = tuple(range(len(shape))) data_indices = indices[:-2] tensor_indices = indices[len(shape) - 2 :] indices = data_indices + tensor_indices[::-1] return np.transpose(arr, indices)
[docs]def is_rectangular_frame(axes: ndarray) -> bool: """ Returns True if a frame is Cartesian. Parameters ---------- axes: numpy.ndarray A matrix where the i-th row is the i-th basis vector. """ assert len(axes.shape) == 2, "Input is not a matrix!" assert axes.shape[0] == axes.shape[1], "Input is not a square matrix!" agram = np.abs(axes @ axes.T) return np.isclose(np.trace(agram), np.sum(agram))
[docs]def is_normal_frame(axes: ndarray) -> bool: """ Returns True if a frame is normal, meaning, that it's base vectors are all of unit length. Parameters ---------- axes: numpy.ndarray A matrix where the i-th row is the i-th basis vector. """ return np.allclose(np.linalg.norm(axes, axis=1), 1.0)
[docs]def is_orthonormal_frame(axes: ndarray) -> bool: """ Returns True if a frame is orthonormal. Parameters ---------- axes: numpy.ndarray A matrix where the i-th row is the i-th basis vector. """ return is_rectangular_frame(axes) and is_normal_frame(axes)
[docs]def is_independent_frame(axes: ndarray, tol: float = 0) -> bool: """ Returns True if a the base vectors of a frame are linearly independent. Parameters ---------- axes: numpy.ndarray A matrix where the i-th row is the i-th basis vector. """ return np.linalg.det(Gram(axes)) > tol
[docs]def is_hermitian(arr: ndarray) -> bool: """ Returns True if the input is a hermitian array. """ shp = arr.shape s0 = shp[0] return all([s == s0 for s in shp[1:]])
[docs]def normalize_frame(axes: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the frame with normalized base vectors. Parameters ---------- axes: numpy.ndarray A matrix where the i-th row is the i-th basis vector. """ return np.array([normalize(a) for a in axes], dtype=axes.dtype)
[docs]def Gram(axes: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the Gram matrix of a frame. Parameters ---------- axes: numpy.ndarray A matrix where the i-th row is the i-th basis vector. """ return axes @ transpose_axes(axes)
[docs]def dual_frame(axes: ndarray) -> ndarray: """ Returns the dual frame of the input. Parameters ---------- axes: numpy.ndarray A matrix where the i-th row is the i-th basis vector. """ return transpose_axes(np.linalg.inv(axes))
[docs]def is_pos_def(arr) -> bool: """ Returns True if the input is positive definite. """ return np.all(np.linalg.eigvals(arr) > 0)
[docs]def is_pos_semidef(arr) -> bool: """ Returns True if the input is positive semi definite. """ return np.all(np.linalg.eigvals(arr) >= 0)
[docs]def random_pos_semidef_matrix(N) -> ndarray: """ Returns a random positive semidefinite matrix of shape (N, N). Example ------- >>> from neumann.linalg import random_pos_semidef_matrix, is_pos_semidef >>> arr = random_pos_semidef_matrix(2) >>> is_pos_semidef(arr) True """ A = np.random.rand(N, N) return A.T @ A
[docs]def random_posdef_matrix(N, alpha: float = 1e-12) -> ndarray: """ Returns a random positive definite matrix of shape (N, N). All eigenvalues of this matrix are >= alpha. Example ------- >>> from neumann.linalg import random_posdef_matrix, is_pos_def >>> arr = random_posdef_matrix(2) >>> is_pos_def(arr) True """ A = np.random.rand(N, N) return A @ A.T + alpha * np.eye(N)
def inv_sym_3x3(m: Matrix, as_adj_det=False) -> Matrix: P11, P12, P13, P21, P22, P23, P31, P32, P33 = symbols( "P_{11} P_{12} P_{13} P_{21} P_{22} P_{23} P_{31} \ P_{32} P_{33}", real=True, ) Pij = [[P11, P12, P13], [P21, P22, P23], [P31, P32, P33]] P = sy.Matrix(Pij) detP = P.det() adjP = P.adjugate() invP = adjP / detP subs = {s: r for s, r in zip(sy.flatten(P), sy.flatten(m))} if as_adj_det: return detP.subs(subs), adjP.subs(subs) else: return invP.subs(subs) @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def vpath(p1: ndarray, p2: ndarray, n: int) -> ndarray: nD = len(p1) dist = p2 - p1 length = np.linalg.norm(dist) s = np.linspace(0, length, n) res = np.zeros((n, nD), dtype=p1.dtype) d = dist / length for i in prange(n): res[i] = p1 + s[i] * d return res @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def linsolve(A, b) -> ndarray: return np.linalg.solve(A, b) @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def inv(A: ndarray) -> ndarray: return np.linalg.inv(A) @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def matmul(A: ndarray, B: ndarray) -> ndarray: return A @ B @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def ATB(A: ndarray, B: ndarray) -> ndarray: return A.T @ B @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def matmulw(A: ndarray, B: ndarray, w: float = 1.0) -> ndarray: return w * (A @ B) @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def ATBA(A: ndarray, B: ndarray) -> ndarray: return A.T @ B @ A @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def ATBAw(A: ndarray, B: ndarray, w: float = 1.0) -> ndarray: return w * (A.T @ B @ A) @guv(["(f8[:, :], f8)"], "(n, n) -> ()", nopython=True, cache=__cache) def det3x3(A, res): res = ( A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] * A[2, 2] - A[0, 0] * A[1, 2] * A[2, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] * A[2, 2] + A[0, 1] * A[1, 2] * A[2, 0] + A[0, 2] * A[1, 0] * A[2, 1] - A[0, 2] * A[1, 1] * A[2, 0] ) @guv(["(f8[:, :], f8)"], "(n, n) -> ()", nopython=True, cache=__cache) def det2x2(A, res): res = A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def inv2x2(A) -> ndarray: res = np.zeros_like(A) d = A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] res[0, 0] = A[1, 1] / d res[1, 1] = A[0, 0] / d res[0, 1] = -A[0, 1] / d res[1, 0] = -A[1, 0] / d return res @guv(["(f8[:, :], f8[:, :])"], "(n, n) -> (n, n)", nopython=True, cache=__cache) def inv2x2u(A, res): d = A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] res[0, 0] = A[1, 1] / d res[1, 1] = A[0, 0] / d res[0, 1] = -A[0, 1] / d res[1, 0] = -A[1, 0] / d @guv(["(f8[:, :], f8[:, :])"], "(n, n) -> (n, n)", nopython=True, cache=__cache) def adj3x3(A, res): res[0, 0] = A[1, 1] * A[2, 2] - A[1, 2] * A[2, 1] res[0, 1] = -A[0, 1] * A[2, 2] + A[0, 2] * A[2, 1] res[0, 2] = A[0, 1] * A[1, 2] - A[0, 2] * A[1, 1] res[1, 0] = -A[1, 0] * A[2, 2] + A[1, 2] * A[2, 0] res[1, 1] = A[0, 0] * A[2, 2] - A[0, 2] * A[2, 0] res[1, 2] = -A[0, 0] * A[1, 2] + A[0, 2] * A[1, 0] res[2, 0] = A[1, 0] * A[2, 1] - A[1, 1] * A[2, 0] res[2, 1] = -A[0, 0] * A[2, 1] + A[0, 1] * A[2, 0] res[2, 2] = A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] @guv(["(f8[:, :], f8[:, :])"], "(n, n) -> (n, n)", nopython=True, cache=__cache) def inv3x3u(A, res): d = ( A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] * A[2, 2] - A[0, 0] * A[1, 2] * A[2, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] * A[2, 2] + A[0, 1] * A[1, 2] * A[2, 0] + A[0, 2] * A[1, 0] * A[2, 1] - A[0, 2] * A[1, 1] * A[2, 0] ) res[0, 0] = A[1, 1] * A[2, 2] / d - A[1, 2] * A[2, 1] / d res[0, 1] = -A[0, 1] * A[2, 2] / d + A[0, 2] * A[2, 1] / d res[0, 2] = A[0, 1] * A[1, 2] / d - A[0, 2] * A[1, 1] / d res[1, 0] = -A[1, 0] * A[2, 2] / d + A[1, 2] * A[2, 0] / d res[1, 1] = A[0, 0] * A[2, 2] / d - A[0, 2] * A[2, 0] / d res[1, 2] = -A[0, 0] * A[1, 2] / d + A[0, 2] * A[1, 0] / d res[2, 0] = A[1, 0] * A[2, 1] / d - A[1, 1] * A[2, 0] / d res[2, 1] = -A[0, 0] * A[2, 1] / d + A[0, 1] * A[2, 0] / d res[2, 2] = A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] / d - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] / d @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def inv3x3(A): res = np.zeros_like(A) det = ( A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] * A[2, 2] - A[0, 0] * A[1, 2] * A[2, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] * A[2, 2] + A[0, 1] * A[1, 2] * A[2, 0] + A[0, 2] * A[1, 0] * A[2, 1] - A[0, 2] * A[1, 1] * A[2, 0] ) res[0, 0] = A[1, 1] * A[2, 2] - A[1, 2] * A[2, 1] res[0, 1] = -A[0, 1] * A[2, 2] + A[0, 2] * A[2, 1] res[0, 2] = A[0, 1] * A[1, 2] - A[0, 2] * A[1, 1] res[1, 0] = -A[1, 0] * A[2, 2] + A[1, 2] * A[2, 0] res[1, 1] = A[0, 0] * A[2, 2] - A[0, 2] * A[2, 0] res[1, 2] = -A[0, 0] * A[1, 2] + A[0, 2] * A[1, 0] res[2, 0] = A[1, 0] * A[2, 1] - A[1, 1] * A[2, 0] res[2, 1] = -A[0, 0] * A[2, 1] + A[0, 1] * A[2, 0] res[2, 2] = A[0, 0] * A[1, 1] - A[0, 1] * A[1, 0] res /= det return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def inv3x3_bulk(A) -> ndarray: res = np.zeros_like(A) for i in prange(A.shape[0]): det = ( A[i, 0, 0] * A[i, 1, 1] * A[i, 2, 2] - A[i, 0, 0] * A[i, 1, 2] * A[i, 2, 1] - A[i, 0, 1] * A[i, 1, 0] * A[i, 2, 2] + A[i, 0, 1] * A[i, 1, 2] * A[i, 2, 0] + A[i, 0, 2] * A[i, 1, 0] * A[i, 2, 1] - A[i, 0, 2] * A[i, 1, 1] * A[i, 2, 0] ) res[i, 0, 0] = A[i, 1, 1] * A[i, 2, 2] - A[i, 1, 2] * A[i, 2, 1] res[i, 0, 1] = -A[i, 0, 1] * A[i, 2, 2] + A[i, 0, 2] * A[i, 2, 1] res[i, 0, 2] = A[i, 0, 1] * A[i, 1, 2] - A[i, 0, 2] * A[i, 1, 1] res[i, 1, 0] = -A[i, 1, 0] * A[i, 2, 2] + A[i, 1, 2] * A[i, 2, 0] res[i, 1, 1] = A[i, 0, 0] * A[i, 2, 2] - A[i, 0, 2] * A[i, 2, 0] res[i, 1, 2] = -A[i, 0, 0] * A[i, 1, 2] + A[i, 0, 2] * A[i, 1, 0] res[i, 2, 0] = A[i, 1, 0] * A[i, 2, 1] - A[i, 1, 1] * A[i, 2, 0] res[i, 2, 1] = -A[i, 0, 0] * A[i, 2, 1] + A[i, 0, 1] * A[i, 2, 0] res[i, 2, 2] = A[i, 0, 0] * A[i, 1, 1] - A[i, 0, 1] * A[i, 1, 0] res[i] /= det return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def inv3x3_bulk2(A) -> ndarray: res = np.zeros_like(A) for i in prange(A.shape[0]): res[i] = inv3x3(A[i]) return res @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def normalize(A) -> ndarray: return A / np.linalg.norm(A) @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def normalize2d(A) -> ndarray: res = np.zeros_like(A) for i in prange(A.shape[0]): res[i] = normalize(A[i]) return res @njit(nogil=True, cache=__cache) def norm(A) -> float: return np.linalg.norm(A) @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def norm2d(A) -> ndarray: res = np.zeros(A.shape[0]) for i in prange(A.shape[0]): res[i] = norm(A[i, :]) return res @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def _linspace(p0: ndarray, p1: ndarray, N): s = p1 - p0 L = np.linalg.norm(s) n = s / L djac = L / (N - 1) step = n * djac res = np.zeros((N, p0.shape[0])) res[0] = p0 for i in prange(1, N - 1): res[i] = p0 + i * step res[-1] = p1 return res def linspace(start, stop, N) -> ndarray: if isinstance(start, ndarray): return _linspace(start, stop, N) else: return np.linspace(start, stop, N) @njit(nogil=True, parallel=True, cache=__cache) def linspace1d(start, stop, N) -> ndarray: res = np.zeros(N) di = (stop - start) / (N - 1) for i in prange(N): res[i] = start + i * di return res